Science Behind Marodyne
Summarized in peer-reviewed published journal papers:
- Anabolism: Low mechanical signals strengthen long bones.
Nature 412:603-604. Rubin, C., Turner, S. Bain, S., Mallinckrodt, C. & McLeod, K. (2001)
Summary: Using an "old animal" model, this paper shows that extremely low magnitude mechanical signals, delivered for a short period each day, can be anabolic to bone, increasing bone density over the course of a year. Demonstrates that safe, non-invasive, non-drug intervention can markedly improve bone density, even in an "elderly" skeleton.
- Promotion of bony ingrowth by frequency specific, low amplitude mechanical strains.
John Charnley Award of The Hip Society. Clin. Orth. Rel. Res. 298:165174 Rubin, C. & McLeod (1994)
Summary: Shows that low magnitude mechanical signals can promote the bony ingrowth into a trans-cortical sintered bead implant. Feasibility evidence for the use of Marodyne to enhance osseointegration following joint surgery. - Whole body vibration in the skeleton: Development of a resonance-based testing device.
Ann. Biomed Eng. 25:831839. Fritton, J., Rubin, C., Qin, Y.X. & McLeod, K. (1997)
Summary: Provides the analytic and empiric basis of the platform design, indicating that low magnitude mechanical signals can be effectively delivered using a low-powered, resonant based device. - Nonlinear dependence of loading intensity and cycle number in the maintenance of bone mass and morphology.
J. Orth. Res. 16:482-489. Qin, Y-X., Rubin, C. & McLeod, K. (1998)
Summary: Demonstrates that bone is responsive to mechanical signals either by a few, large magnitude load applications, or many thousands of extremely small mechanical signals. Of course, the danger of the “large” scenario is inducing damage before the benefit can be realized, and emphasizes that small signals can be anabolic. - Quantifying the strain history of bone: spatial uniformity and self-similarity of low magnitude strains.
J. Biomech. 33:317-326. Fritton, S.P., McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T. (2000)
Summary: Demonstrates that the weight-bearing skeleton is subject not only to a few, large loading events, but thousands of extremely small events. This work provides the physiologic basis for the mechanical intervention, in that these signals are part of the normal physiologic milieu of the bone. - Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Non-Invasive Mechanical Intervention.
J. Bone & Min. Res. 17:349-357. Rubin, C., Turner, a.S., Müller, R., McLeod, K., Lin, W., Mittra, E, & Qin, Y-X. (2002)
Summary: Demonstrates that the anabolic response to the mechanical signals, and the increase in bone density (i.e., increase in bone quantity), is paralleled by an increase in bone quality (bone is stiffer and stronger). Addresses concerns raised by lessons learned with fluoride treatment, i.e., that new bone must also be structurally sound bone. - The anabolic activity of bone tissue, suppressed by disuse is normalized by brief exposure to extremely low magnitude mechanical stimuli.
The FASEB Journal. 15: 2225-222. Rubin, C.T., Xu, G. & Judex, S. (2001)
Summary: This work indicates that a bone deprived of functional load-bearing (i.e., chronic bed rest, sedentary individuals, spaceflight) can be retained by the low magnitude mechanical signal, and thus provides a surrogate for normal weight-bearing. - Transmissibility of 15-35 Hz vibrations to the human hip and lumbar spine: Determining the physiologic feasibility of delivering low-level, anabolic mechanical stimuli to skeletal regions at greatest risk of fracture due to osteoporosis.
Spine; 28:2621-2627. Rubin, C., Pope, M, Fritton, C., Magnusson, M., Hansson, T. & McLeod, K. (2003)
Summary: Provides proof that the extremely small mechanical signal, delivered through the plantar surface of the foot, transmits efficiently through the lower appendicular skeleton, and up through to the spine, and is not lost by damping. - Low magnitude, high frequency loading therapy increases volumetric tibial bone mineral density in children with disabling conditions.
J. Bone & Mineral Research: 19:360-369. Ward, K., Alsop, C., Brown, S., Caulton, J., Rubin, C., Adams, J. & Mughal, M. (2004)
Summary: Double-blind, randomized prospective clinical study which shows the low magnitude mechanical signal serves to build up bone density in the proximal tibia of children with cerebral palsy, with a 17% swing as compared to sham controls who continue to lose bone over the 6 month trial. - Prevention of Post-Menopausal Bone Loss by a Low Magnitude, High Frequency Mechanical Stimuli; A Clinical Trial Assessing Compliance, Efficacy And Safety.
J. Bone & Mineral Research. 19:343-351. Rubin, C.T., Recker, R., Raab, D., Ryaby, J., McCabe, J. & McLeod, K.J. (2004)
Summary: One year, double-blind, randomized prospective clinical study which shows that the marked bone loss realized in post-menopausal women can be slowed and even prevented by the low magnitude mechanical signal. Note, this study also demonstrates that the subject must remain compliant in order for the signal to be efficacious. - Changes in the dynamics of muscle contraction as a function of age; A contributing factor to the etiology of osteoporosis?
J. Gerontology 54A:B352-B357. Huang, R., McLeod, K. & Rubin, C. (1999)
Summary: Provides evidence that the physiologic basis of the exogenous mechanical signal is inherent to muscle contraction, and that with aging, along with sarcopenia (muscle wasting) and osteopenia (bone wasting), the contractile spectra of the active muscle groups declines with aging. In other words, the mechanical domain that we believe is critical to retain bone is lost with aging, and the platform, in turn, delivers that missing regulatory signal. - Low-level mechanical vibrations can influence bone resorption and bone formation in the growing skeleton.
Bone 39:1059-1066. Xie, L.Q., Jacobson, J., Choi, E., Busa, B., Donahue, L.R, Rubin, C.T., Miller, L.M., Judex, S. (2006)
Summary: Demonstrates that, in addition to being anabolic to bone (i.e., turning on osteoblasts), that the mechanical signal serves to inhibit osteoclastogenesis (i.e., slows recruitment of bone resorbing cells) and osteoclast activity. Thus, the mechanical signal is both anabolic and anti-resorptive. - Low level, high frequency mechanical signals enhance musculoskeletal development of young women with low bone density.
J. Bone & Mineral Research 21:1464-1474 Gilsanz, V., Wren, T., Sanchez, M., Dorey, F., Judex, S. & Rubin, C. (2006)
Summary: One year, controlled clinical study which shows, in a group of young (16-20y) osteopenic women that the mechanical signal is anabolic to cortical (as measured in the femur) and trabecular bone (as measured in the spine), but also is anabolic to muscle (as measured in the paraspinous musculature).
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, a US Army funded 12-month study of 48 young women, 16-21 years (10 min x 30Hz @ 0.3g) showed beneficial effects on cortical (+2.9%) and trabecular bone (+3.2%) compared to controls. Muscle area increases were measured for the first time.
- Adipogenesis is suppressed by brief, daily exposure to high frequency, extremely low magnitude mechanical signals.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 104:17879-17884 Rubin, C., Capilla, E., Luu, Y-K, Busa, B., Rosen, C., Pessin, J. & Judex, S. (2007)
Summary: Demonstrates in the mouse that the mechanical signal works by influencing fate decisions of mesenchymal stem cells, biasing their differentiation away from adipogenesis (formation of fat), and thus suppressing the formation of adipose (fat) tissue. Also inhibited triglyceride and free fatty acid formation in the liver, muscle and fat tissues. - Mechanical strain prevents adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells by stimulating a durable β-catenin signal.
Endocrinology. 149:6065-75. Sen, B., Xie, Z., Case, N., Ma, M., Rubin, C. & Rubin, J. (2008)
Summary: Using an in vitro system, demonstrates that mechanical signals are potent determinants of stem cell fate (i.e., central to the inhibition of the formation of fat), and provides some insight, at the molecular level, of the mechanisms whereby this biasing is achieved. - Mechanical promotion of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation prevents dietary induced obesity while enhancing osteogenesis.
J. Bone & Min. Res. 24:50-61. Luu, Y.K., Capilla, E., Pessin, J., Rosen, C., Gilsanz, V., Judex, S. & Rubin, C.
Summary: Using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, provides central evidence that the mechanical signal drives stem cells towards osteoblastogenesis (bone cells), and away from fat cells, even under conditions conducive to fat formation. The mechanical signal stimulated a significant increase in bone volume, while markedly suppressing fat mass, while simultaneously increasing the number of mesenchymal stem cells. - Loss of postural stability caused by ninety days of bed rest is mitigated by low magnitude mechanical signals. (in review).
NEW REFERENCE FOR THIS PAPER Muir, J., Judex, S., Qin, Y-X. & Rubin, C. (2008)
Summary: This paper, under review, reports the capacity of the low magnitude mechanical signal to inhibit the loss of postural stability that is otherwise promoted during extended bedrest. This indicates that the risk of falling will be markedly reduced. - Low magnitude high frequency mechanical signals accelerate and augment endochondral bone repair. J. Orth. Res. (in press).
Goodship, A., Lawes, T. & Rubin, C. (2009)
Summary: Using a sheep osteotomy model, demonstrates that extremely low magnitude (25 micron) displacements, delivered at a relatively high (30Hz) frequency, can safely and markedly accelerate and augment the healing of a fracture. The signal was delivered through a customized fixator, that delivered mechanical signals w/o any “moving parts.” (A smart material, Turfenol, was used as the fixator body, such that a small current changes the shape of the ferroactive material). - Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to Enhance Bone Formation: Are Osteoblasts the Only Way to a Better Skeleton?
Departments of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794. Yen K. Luu1, Encarnacion Capilla2, Jeffrey E. Pessin2, Stefan Judex1, Clinton T. Rubin1 - Good Vibrations and Strong Bones.
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 288 (3): R555, 2005. Jens Jordan. - Plantar vibration improves leg fluid flow in perimenopausal women.
The American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288: R623–R629, 2005.Julian M. Stewart, Carol Karman, Leslie D. Montgomery, and Kenneth J. McLeod. - Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur Are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Noninvasive Mechnical Intervention.
JBMR, Volume 17, Number 2, 2002. Clinton T. Rubin, A. Simon Turner, Ralph Muller, Erik Mittra, Kenneth McCleod, Wei Lin and Yi-Xian Qin. - Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Promotes Osteogenesis While Preventing Dietary Induced Obesity.
JBMR, 7-23-08. Y.K. Luu, E. Capilla, C. J. Rosen, V. Gilsanz, J. E. Pessin, S. Judex & C. T. Rubin (2008)
Published Articles
Numerous scientific papers have been written by Marodyne's research team and others. These papers have been presented at international symposia and have been published in such prestigious scientific journals as The Lancet, Nature, and the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, among others.
| YEAR | AUTHOR | TITLE | PUBLICATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Fengyuan Zhuang and Jingwen He | Aging and Space Flight | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 20 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Ling Qin | Biomechanics and Biological Responses of Bone during Mechanical Loading | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 32 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Rubin J, Rubin CT | Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Bone | ASBMR: Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 2006 |
| 2006 | Qin Y, Xia Y, Lin W, Evans H, Judex S, Rubin CT | Bone Quality Assessment in 90-Day Bed Rest Using Confocal Scanning Ultrasound System and DEXA Measurement | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Madhavan G, Stewart JM, McLeod KJ | Cardiovascular Systemic Regulation by Plantar Surface Stimulation | Biomed Instr Tech. 2006 Jan/Feb Vol 40(1):78-84 |
| 2006 | Judex S, Monaghan M, Dhundale A, Rubin CT | Disuse and Low-Level Whole Body Vibrations Produce Broad Transcriptional Changes across the Genome | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | William Walsh | Effect of Dynamic Motion Therapy on Bone Defect Healing with Bone Graft Substitutes | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 35 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Cheung WH, Shi HF, Qin L, Lee KM and Leung KS | Effect of Low Magnitude, High Frequency Vibration Therapy on Fracture Healing - Rat Model | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 36 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | KS Leung | Effect of Whole Body Vibration on the BMD and Balancing Ability in Postmenopausal Women | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 15 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Kenneth J Mcleod | Effects of Plantar Stimulation on Venous and Lymphatic Return | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 23 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Muir J, Evans H, Judex S, Qin Y, Lang T, Rubin CT | Extended Bed-Rest, Like Spaceflight, Causes Rapid and Significant Loss of Bone Mineral Density and Postural Control | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Stefan Judex, Liquin Xie, and Clinton Rubin | Genetic and Molecular Modulation of Bone's Sensitivity to Vibrations | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 10 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Rubin CT, Busa B, Capilla E, Rosen C, Pessin J, Judex S | Low-Level Mechanical Signals Anabolic to Bone Suppress Adiposity in Growing Mice | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Rubin, Judex, Qin | Low-Level Mechanical Signals and Their Potential as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Osteoporosis | Age and Ageing. 2006;35-S2;ii26-ii30. |
| 2006 | Liqin Xie, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Edna S. Choi, Bhavin Busa, Leah Rae Donahue, Lisa M. Miller, Clinton Rubin, and Stefan Judex | Low-level mechanical vibrations can influence bone resorption and bone formation in the growing skeleton | Elsevier Bone 39 (2006) 1059 - 1066 |
| 2006 | Gilsanz V, Wren TAL, Sanchez M, Dorey F, Judex S, Rubin CT | Low-Level, High-Frequency Mechanical Signals Enhance Musculoskeletal Development of Young Women with Low BMD | JBMR 2006(21)91464-1474. |
| 2006 | Judex S, Lei X, Han D, Rubin CT | Low-Magnitude Mechanical Signals that Stimulate Bone Formation in the Ovariectomized Rat | Journal of Biomechanics (Accepted) |
| 2006 | Xia Y, Lin W, Judex S, Rubin C, Qin Y | Mean Trabecular Bone Spacing Can Be Measured by Backscattered Quantitative Ultrasound Signals | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Ozcivivci E, Garman R, Rubin CT, Judex S | Micro-Mechanical Adaptations of Trabecular Bone to Small Amplitude Oscillations | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Squire ME, Monaghan M, Donahue LR, Rubin CT, Dhundale A, Judex S | Microarray Analysis of Altered Transcriptional Activity Following 4D of Unloading | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | David Marsh | Modulation of Cytokine Expression by Motion in a Murine Fracture Model | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 30 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Rubin J, Rubin CT, Jacobs CR | Molecular Pathways Mediating Mechanical Signaling in Bone | Gene 2006 |
| 2006 | Janet Rubin | Molecular Signaling Pathways Transmitting Mechanical Signals in Bone Cells | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 11 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | R.J. Talish and Ian G Cutts | Safety issues of Whole Body Vibration and Industry Perspective of Vibration Therapy | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 27 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Muir J, Judex S, Qin Y, Rubin CT | Safety of Whole Body Vibration, Considered for the Prevention and/or Relative to Standards Set by the International Safety Organization | Presented at ASBMR, Sept. 15-19, 2006 Philadelphia, PA |
| 2006 | Clinton Rubin, Yi-Xian Qin, and Stefan Judex |
The Anabolic Potential of Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Mechanical Signals as a Non-Pharmacologic Intervention for Osteoporosis | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 8 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Allen Goodship | The Mechanobiology of bone repair and implications for vibration therapy in fracture management | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 31 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Peter Augat | The Role of Biomechanical Signals in Bone Repair | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 34 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Philip Procter | Tissue Stimulation and Disruptive technologies - An Orthopaedic Industry Perspective | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 25 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2006 | Stefan Judex, Liquin Xie, Engin Ozcivici, Clinton Rubin, and Russell Garman | What Parameters Define the Efficacy of Low Magnitude Vibrations? | International Symposium on Vibration Therapy (2006) 39 Shatin, Hong Kong |
| 2005 | Frankel, V.H., McLeod, K.J. | Calf Muscle Stimulation as an Adjunct to Orthopaedic Surgery | Submission info unknown as of 4/2005-to verify with K. McLeod |
| 2005 | Madhaven, G., Stewart, J.M., McLeod, K.J. | Effect of Plantar Micromechanical Stimulation on Cardiovascular Responses to Immobility | Am J Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2005, Vol.84, No. 5, 338-345 |
| 2005 | Zhong, N., Garman, R.A., Squire, M.E., Donahue, L.R., Rubin, C.T., Hadjiargyrou, M., Judex, S. | Gene Expression Patterns in Bone After 4 Days of Hind-Limb Unloading in Two Inbred Strains of Mice | Submitted to Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 2005 |
| 2005 | Jordan,J. | Good vibrations and strong bones? (Editorial) | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288:555-556, 2005 |
| 2005 | Murfree, W.L., Hammett, L.A., Evans, C., Xie, L., Squire, M., Rubin, C., Judex, S., Skalak, T.C. | High-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations suppress the number of blood vessels per muscle fiber in mouse soleus muscle | J. Appl. Physiol., 2005 |
| 2005 | Mittra, E., Rubin, C., Qin, Y-X. | Interrelationship of trabecular mechanical and microstructural properties in sheep trabecular bone | Journal of Biomechanics 38 (2005) pp. 1229-1237 |
| 2005 | Midura, R.J., Dillman, C.J., Grabiner, M.D. | Low amplitude, high frequency strains imposed by electrically stimulated skeletal Muscle retards the development of osteopenia in the hindlimb of suspended rats. | Medical Engineering & Physics 27 (2005) 285-293 |
| 2005 | Xie, L., Jacobsen, J., Busa, B., Donahue, L.R., Miller, L., Rubin, C., Judex, S. | Low-Level Mechanical Vibrations Inhibit Bone Resorption and Promote Bone Formation in the Growing Skeleton | Submitted to: JBMR in June, 2005 |
| 2005 | Judex, S., Zhong, N, Squire, M.E., Ye, K., Donahue, L-R., Hadjiargyrou, M., Rubin, C.T. | Mechanical Modulation of Molecular Signals, Which Regulate Anabolic and Catabolic Activity in Bone Tissue | J. Cellular Biochemistry,9999: 1-14, 2005 (further infor to be obtained) |
| 2005 | Stewart, J.M., Karman, C., Montgomery, L.D., McLeod, K.J. | Plantar vibration improves leg fluid flow in perimenopausal women | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288:623-629, 2005 |
| 2004 | Lei, X., Qin, Y., Lin, W., Judex, S., Rubin, C.T. | Adapting a Vibration-Based Countermeasure for Bone Loss for use in Microgravity Conditions | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Squire, M.E., Donahue, L.R., Rubin, C., Judex, S. | Disuse-Induced Transcriptional Changes Differ from Morphologic Changes in Male Skeleton | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Olof, J., Eisman, J. | Editorial: Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On | JBMR Vol. 19, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1205-1207 |
| 2004 | Hannan, M.T., Cheng, D.M., Green, E., Swift, C., Rubin, C., Kiel, D.P. | Establishing the Compliance in Elderly Women for Use of a Low level Mechanical Stress Device in a Clinical Osteoporosis Study | Osteoporosis Int., 15:918-926 |
| 2004 | Judex, S., Garman, R., Squire, M., Bhusa, B., Donahue, L-R., Rubin, C. | Genetically Linked Site-Specificity of Disuse Osteoporosis | JBMR:Vol.19, No. 4, 2004, pp.607-614 |
| 2004 | Judex, S., Xie, L., Parhiz, A., Rubin, C., Donahue, L., Xu, S. | Genetically Modulated Differences in Trabecular Bone Volume and connectivity Influence the Efficacy of a Catabolic Stimulus | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Garman, R.A., Donahue, L.R., Rubin, C.T., Judex, S. | High-Frequency Vibrations, in the Absence of Strain, can Increase Cortical Bone Volume | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Ward, K., Alsop, C., Caulton, J., Rubin, C., Adams, J., Mughal, Z | Low Magnitude Mechanical Loading is Osteogenic in Children With Disabling Conditions | JBMR: Vol. 19, No. 3, 2004, pp. 360-369 |
| 2004 | Xie, L., Choi, E., Donahue, Rubin, C., Judex, S. | Low-Level Mechanical Vibrations Reduce Bone Resorption in the Growing Skeleton | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | McLeod, K.J., Stewart, J.M. | Lymphatic Flow and Bone Mineral Density | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Lam, H., Brink, P., Rubin, C., Qin, Y. | Nutrient Artery Hypertrophy Induced by Cyclic Intramedullary Fluid Flow Loading | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2004 | Rubin, C., Recker, R., Cullen, D., Ryaby, J., McCabe, J., McLeod, K. | Prevention of Postmenopausal Bone Loss by a Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Mechanical Stimuli: A Clinical Trial Assessing Compliance, Efficacy, and Safety | JBMR:Vol.19, No. 3, 2004, pp.343-351 |
| 2004 | McLeod, K.J., McCabe, J., Ryaby, J.P. | The Role of Postural Sway in the Maintenance of Bone Mass | Submitted to J. Gerontology, Jan, 2004 |
| 2004 | McLeod, K.J., Spathis, R. | Vascular Pressure in the Lower Limbs and Bone Mineral Density | Submitted to the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2004 |
| 2003 | Hannan, M.T., Rubin, C.T., Cheng, D.M., Swift, C., Green, E., Ryaby, J., Kiel, D.P. | A Pilot Study to Determine Daily Compliance of Elderly Women Enrolled to Stand On a Low-Level Vibration Platform System to Treat Osteoporosis | Poster Presentation, 1st Joint Meeting of the International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) and The Japanese Society ofr Bone ande Mineral Research (JSBMR), June, 2003, Osaka, Japan |
| 2003 | Judex S, Boyd S, Qin YX, Turner S, Ye K, Muller R, Rubin CT | Adaptations of Trabecular Bone to Low Magnitude Vibrations Result in More Uniform Stress and Strain Under Load | Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 12-20, 2003 |
| 2003 | McLeod, K.J., Ryaby, J.P. | Bone Mass and Skeletal Muscle Pump Activity in Elderly Persons | Poster Presentation, 1st Joint Meeting of the International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) and The Japanese Society ofr Bone ande Mineral Research (JSBMR), June, 2003, Osaka, Japan |
| 2003 | McLeod, K.J., Lee, D., Davenport, D. | Bone Mineral Density and Orthostatic Intolerance in the Perimenopausal Population | Poster Presentation, 1st Joint Meeting of the International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) and The Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR), June, 2003, Osaka, Japan |
| 2003 | Judex S, Boyd S, Qin YX, Miller L, Muller R, Rubin CT | Combining High-Resolution Microcomputed Tomography with Material Composition to Define the Quality of Bone Tissue | Current Osteoporosis Reports:2003, 1:11-19 |
| 2003 | Madhaven, G., McLeod, K.J. | Effect of Plantar Stimulation on Heart Rate Variability Under Orthostatically Stressed Conditions | Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2003 |
| 2003 | Qin YX, Kaplan T, Saldanha A, Rubin C | Fluid Pressure Gradients, Arising From Oscillations in Intramedullary Pressure, is Correlated with the Formation of Bone and Inhibition of Intracortical Porosity | J Biomech. 2003 Oct;36(10):1427-37 |
| 2003 | Rubin, C.T., Ward, K.A., Alsop, C.W., Brown, S., Caulton, J.M., Adams, J.E., Mughal, M.Z. | Low Magnitude Mechanical Loading Increased Tibial Trabecular Bone Mineral Density in children with Disabling Conditions: Are Bigger Signals Necessarily Better? | Presented at 1st Joint Meeting of the International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) and The Japanese Society of Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR), June, 2003, Osaka, Japan |
| 2003 | Rubin, C., Pope, M., Fritton, J.C., Magnusson, M., Hansson, T., McLeod, K. | Transmissibility of 15-Hertz to 35-Hertz Vibrations to the Human Hip and Lumbar Spine: Determining the Physiologic Feasibility of Delivering Low-Level Anabolic Mechanical Stimuli to Skeletal Regions at Greatest Risk of Fracture Because of Osteoporosis | Spine:Vol. 28, No. 23, pp 2621-2627, 2003 |
| 2002 | Judex, S., Garman, R., Squire, M., Donahue, L., Rubin, C. | A Genetic Compensatory Mechanism for Preventing Disuse Related Bone Loss | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, SanAntioio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | Qin, Y., Lin, W., Chadha, A., Gruber, B., Rubin, C. | Assessment of Bone Quantity and Quality in Human Cadaver Calcaneus Using Scanning confocal Ultrasound and DEXA Measurements | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, SanAntioio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | Villanueva Jr., A., Madhavan, G., McLeod, K.J. | Changes in the Non-Linear Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability Due to Foot Based Vibration While in the Seated Position | Presented at the Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2002 |
| 2002 | Mittra, E.S., Lin, W., Gruber, B., Rubin, C.T., Qin, Y. | Characterization of Changes in Trabecular Bone with Age and Disease | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | Qin, Y., Kaplan, T. | Dose Dependence of Bone Formation and Bone Remodeling, Elucidated by Dynamic Fluid Flow Stimulation | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | McLeod, K.J. | Effects of Low Level Vibration on Muscle Activity and Blood Flow | Presented at: 3rd Meeting of the Micromechanical Tissue Repair society (MTR), San Diego, 2002 |
| 2002 | Madhavan, G., Villanueva Jr., A., McLeod, K.J. | Frequency Dependent Response of the Cardio-Vascular System to Foot Based Vibration while in the Seated Position | Presented at the Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2002 |
| 2002 | Judex, S., Donahue, L-R, Rubin, C. | Genetic Predisposition to low bone mass is paralleled by an enhanced sensitivity to signals anabolic to the skeleton | The FASEB Journal express article 10.1096fj.01-0913fje. Published online June 21, 2002 |
| 2002 | Lombardo, F., White, D., Joo, J., Ahn, H., Rubin, C.T., Hadjiargyrou, M. | Insight Into the Molecular Complexity of Fracture Repair | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | Pitukcheewanont, P., Safani, D., Gilsanz, V., Rubin, C.T. | Low Level Mechanical Stimulation Improves Bone Mineral Density in Children with Osteoporosis | Poster Presentation, Fifth International Symposium on Clinical Advances in Osteoporosis, Honolulu, March 2002 |
| 2002 | Judex, S., Rubin, C. | Mechanical Influences on Bone Mass and Morphology | From: Contemporary Endocrinology: Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management, Edited by: E.S. Orwoll and M. Bliziotes, Humana Press Inc. Ch. 10, 199-220, 2002 |
| 2002 | Rubin, C., Turner, A.S., Malllinckrodt, C., Jerome, C., McLeod, K., Bain, S. | Mechanical Strain, Induced Noninvasively in the High-frequency Domain, Is Anabolic to Cancellous Bone, But Not Cortical Bone | Bone, Vol. 30, No. 3, March, 2002:445-452 |
| 2002 | Squire, M.E., Donahue, L.R., Hadjiargyrou, M., Rubin, C., Judex, S. | Mechanically Related Changes in Gene Expression Using Real Time RT-PCR | Presented at ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Sept, 2002 |
| 2002 | Rubin, C., Turner, A.S., Muller, R. Mittra, E., McLeod, K., Lin, W., Qin, Y.X. | Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur Are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Noninvasive Mechanical Intervention | Journal Of Bone and Mineral Research: Vol. 17, No. 2, 2002, pp. 349-357 |
| 2002 | Pitukcheewanont, P., Safani, D., Gilsanz, V., Rubin, C.T. | Short-Term Low Level Mechanical Stimulation Increases Cancellous And Cortical Bone Density and Muscles of Females (Children) with Osteoporosis: A Pilot Study | Endocrine Society Transactions in press, 2002 |
| 2002 | Rubin, C., Judex, S., Hadjiargyrou, M. | Skeletal adaptation to mechanical stimuli in the absence of formation or resorption of bone | J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 2002;2(3):264-267 |
| 2002 | Goodship, A | The Implications of Micromotion on Bone Repair and Tissue Differentiation | Presented at: 3rd Meeting of the Micromechanical Tissue Repair Society (MTR), San Diego, 2002 |
| 2002 | Qin YX, Lin W, Rubin C | The Pathway of Bone Fluid Flow as Defined by In Vivo Intramedullary Pressure and Streaming Potential Measurements | Ann Biomed Eng. 2002 May;20(5):693-702 |
| 2002 | McLeod, K.J., Ryaby, J.P., McCabe, J.M. | The Role of Postural Sway in the Maintenance of Bone Mass | Poster Presentation, ASBMR, 24th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Sept. 2002 |
| 2002 | Hadjiargyroum M., Lombardo, F., Zhao, S., Ahrens, W., Joo, J., Ahn, H., Jurman, M., White, D.W., Rubin, C.T. | Transcriptional Profiling of Bone Regeneration | Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 277, No. 33, August, pp. 30177-30182, 2002 |
| 2001 | Rubin, C., Turner, A.S., Bain, S., Mallinckrodt, C., McLeod, K. | Anabolism: Low Mechanical Signals Strengthen Long Bones | Nature: 412:603-604, August, 2001 |
| 2001 | Sommerfelt DW, Rubin CT | Biology of bone and how it orchestrates the form and function of the skeleton. | Eur Spin J:2001 (10):S86-S95 |
| 2001 | Eisman, J.A. | Good, good, good... good vibrations: the best option for better bones? | The Lancet: Vol 358, Dec. 8, 2001 |
| 2001 | Fritton, S.P., Rubin, C.T. | In Vivo Measurement of Bone Deformations Using Strain Gauges | Bone Mechanics Handbook, Second Edition, Edited by Stephen C. Cowin, CRC Press, 2001 |
| 2001 | Rubin, C.T., Judex, S., McLeod, K.J., Qin, Y.X. | Inhibition of Osteopenia by Biophysical Intervention | Osteoporosis, Second Edition, Vol. 1, eds. Marcus, R., Kelsey, J., & Feldman, D., pp. 489-507, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001 |
| 2001 | Rubin, C.T., Sommerfeldt, D.W., Judex, S., Qin, Y-X. | Inhibition of Osteopenia by Low Magnitude, High-Frequency Mechanical Stimuli | Drug Discovery Today, Vol. 6, No. 16, pp. 848-858, 2001 |
| 2001 | Demes B, Qin YX, Stern JT Jr, Larson SG, Rubin CT | Patterns of Strain in the Macaque Tibia During Functional Activity | Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001 Dec;116(4):257-65 |
| 2004 | Squire, M.E., Xu, S., Garman, R.A., Xie. L., Rubin, C., Donahue, L.R., Judex, S. | Gender influences the Skeletal Sensitivity of F1 BALBxC3H Crossbreds to Mechanical Unloading | Presented at ASBMR, 2004 |
| 2001 | Rubin, C., Xu, G., Judex, S. | The anabolic activity of bone tissue, suppressed by disuse, is normalized by brief exposure to extremely low-magnitude mechanical stimuli | FASEB: Vol. 15, Oct. 2001, pp. 2225-2229 |
| 2001 | Lin W, Qin YX, Rubin C | Ultrasound Wave Propagation in Trabecular Bone Predicted by the Stratified Model | Ann Biomed Eng. 2001 Sept;29(9):781-90 |
| 2000 | Fritton SP, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT | Quantifying the Strain History of Bone: Spatial Uniformity and Self-Similarity of Low-Magnitude Strains | J Biomech. 2000 Mar;33(3):317-25 |
| 2000 | Hadjiargyrou M, Ahrens W, Rubin CT | Temporal Expression of the Chondrogenic and Angiogenic Growth Factor CYR61 During Fracture Repair | J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Jun;15(6):1014-23 |
| 1999 | McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T. | Brief Exposure to Low Level, High Frequency Mechanical Loading Reduces Postural Instability | Submitted for ASBMR Annual Meeting, 1999 |
| 1999 | Huang, R.P., Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | Changes in Postural Muscle Dynamics as a Function of Age | J. of Gerontology: Biological Sciences 1999, Vol 54A, No. 8, B352-B357 |
| 1999 | Rubin C, Sun YQ, Hadjiargyrou M, McLeod K | Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Osteocytes Precedes Bone Resorption as Stimulated by Disuse: Evidence for Autoregulation of the Cell's Mechanical Environment? | J Orthop Res. 1999 May;17(3):354-61 |
| 1999 | Rubin J, Fan X, Biskobing DM, Taylor WR, Rubin CT | Osteoclastogenesis is Repressed by Mechanical Strain in an In Vitro Model | J Orthop Res. 1999 Sep;17(5):639-45 |
| 1999 | Fujimoto, N., Lee, J.H., McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T | Postural Stability Diagnosing System | NA |
| 1998 | McLeod, K.J., Dusatko, L., Labruzzo, S., Rubin, C.T. | Improved Postural Stability Following Short Term Exposure to Low level Whole Body Vibration | Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting, ORS, 1998, New Orleans, LA |
| 1998 | Qin YX, Rubin CT, McLeod KJ | Nonlinear Dependence of Loading Intensity and Cycle Number in the Maintenance of Bone Mass and Morphology | J Orthop Res. 1998 Jul;16(4):482-9 |
| 1998 | Demes B, Stern JT Jr, Hausman MR, Larson SG, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT | Patterns of Strain in the Macaque Tibia During Functional Activity | Am J Pys Anthropol. 1998 May;106(1):87-100 |
| 1998 | McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T., Otter, M.W., Qin, Y-X. | Skeletal Cell Stresses and Bone Adaptation | The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Vol. 316, No. 3, September, 1998 |
| 1998 | Qin, Y., McLeod, K.J., Otter, M.W., Rubin, C.T. | The Interdependent Role of Loading Frequency, Intra-Cortical Fluid Pressure and Pressure Gradients in Guiding Site-Specific Bone Adaptation | Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting, ORS, 1998, New Orleans, LA |
| 1997 | Rubin J, Biskobing D, Fan X, Rubin CT, McLeod K, Taylor WR | Pressure regulates osteoclast formation and MCSF expression in marrow culture. | J Cell Physiol.1997 Jan:170(1):81-87 |
| 1997 | Gross TS, Edwards JL, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT | Strain gradients correlate with sites of periosteal bone formation. | J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Jun;12(6):982-988 |
| 1997 | Adams DJ, Spirt AA, Brown TD, Fritton SP, Rubin CT, Brand RA | Testing the daily stress stimulus theory of bone adaptation with natural and experimentally controlled strain histories. | J Biomech. 1997 Jul;30(7):671-678. |
| 1997 | Fritton, J.C., Rubin, C.T., Qin, Y-X., McLeod, K.J. | Whole Body Vibration in the Skeleton: Development of a Resonance -Based Testing Device | Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 25, pp. 831-839, 1997 |
| 1996 | Fritton, S.P., McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T. | Cross-Species Spectral Similarity in the Strain History of Bone | Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting, ORS, 1996 |
| 1996 | Rubin, C., Gross, T., Qin, Y-X., Fritton, S., Guilak, F., Mcleod, K. | Differentiation of the Bone-Tissue Remodeling Response to Axial and Torsional Loading in the Turkey Ulna | JBJS, Vol.78-A, No. 10, October, 1996 |
| 1996 | Ricos V, Pedersen DR, Brown, TD, Ashman, RB, Rubin CT, Brand RA | Effects of anisotropy and material axis registration on computed stress and strain distributions in the turkey ulna. | J Biomech. 1996 Feb;29(2):261-267 |
| 1996 | Qin, Y., Fritton, J.C., Rubin, CT., McLeod, K.J. | Frequency Dependent Intramedullary Pressures During Axial and Torsional Loading | Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting, ORS, 1996 |
| 1996 | Rubin, C.T., McLeod, | Inhibition of Osteopenia by Biophysical Intervention | Chapter for Osteoporosis, Marcus, R., Fieldman, D. and Kelsey, J. (editors), March, 1996 |
| 1996 | Sun, Y-Z, McLeod, K., Rubin, C. | Rapid Enhancement of Coupling of Osteocyte to Matrix by Mechanical Stimuli | Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting, ORS, 1996 |
| 1996 | Adams, D.J., Spirt, A.A., Rubin, C.T., Brown, T.D. | Testing the "Daily Stress Stimulus" Hypothesis of Bone Remodeling With Controlled Experimental Data | Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting, ORS, 1996 |
| 1996 | Pope, M.H., McLeod, K., Magnusson, M., Rostedt, M., Hansson, T., Rubin, C. | Transmission of Whole Body Vibration in the 10-40 Hz Range Into the Hip and Lumbar Spine | Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting, ORS, 1996 |
| 1995 | Fritton, S.P., Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | A Frequency Dependent Interpretation of Strain History: Calculation of Bone's Memory Time | Not Published |
| 1995 | Huang, R., Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | Alterations in Muscle Dynamics as a Function of Age: A Possible Etiology of Senile Osteopenia | Presented at the Orthopaedic Research Society, 41st Annual Meeting, February, 1995, Orlando, FL |
| 1995 | McLeod, K.J., Fritton, S.P., Rubin, C.T. | Biophysical Intervention: Perturbing Self-Organized Systems | Presented at Stress Fracture Symposium, October, 1995, Concord, MA |
| 1995 | Rubin, J., Fan, X., Rubin, C., Biskobing, D., McLeod, K., Taylor, W.R. | Biophysical Stimuli (Pressure and Stretch) Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis in Primary Marrow Culture | American Society of Bone and Mineral Research, Baltimore, MD, September, 1995 |
| 1995 | Donahue, H.J., McLeod, K.J., Rubin, C.T., Andersen, J., Grine, E.A., Hertzberg, E.L., Brink, P.R. | Cell-to-Cell Communication in Osteoblastic Networks: Cell Line-Dependent Hormonal Regulation of Gap Junction Function | Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 10, No. 6, 1995 |
| 1995 | Qin, Y.X., Guilak, F., McLeod, K., Rubin, C. | Correlation of Bony Ingrowth to the Distribution of Stress and Strain Parameters Surrounding a Porous-Coated Implant | Submitted for publication to the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1995 |
| 1995 | Qin, Y.X., Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | Correlation of In Vivo Bone Adaptation and Mechanical Parameters Using Low Magnitude, High Frequency Loading | Presented at Orthopaedic Research Society, February, 1995, Orlando, FL |
| 1995 | Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K. J. | Endogenous Control of Bone Morphology Via Frequency Specific, Low Magnitude Functional Strain | Human Biology, H. Wienous (Editor), World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1995) |
| 1995 | Qin, Y., Rubin, C.T., McLeod< K.J. | Inhibition of Disuse Osteopenia by Low Magnitude, High Frequency Mechanical Stimulation | Submitted to Journal of Experimental Biology |
| 1995 | Qin, Y.X., Fritton, J.C., Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | Intramedullary Pressures in the Ulna During Axial Loading: Frequency Response Characteristics | Presented at the Society of Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, 15th Annual Meeting, 53, 1995 |
| 1995 | Rubin, J., Fan, X., Rubin, C., Biskobing, D., McLeod, K., Taylor, W.R. | Mechanical Strain Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis May be Transduced Through Increased Levels of Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor | Presented at the Society of Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, 15th Annual Meeting, 55, 1995 |
| 1995 | Su YQ, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT | Mechanically induced periosteal bone formation is paralleled by the upregulation of collagen type one mRNA in osteocytes as measured by in situ reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction | Calcif Tissue Int. 1995 Dec;57(6):456-462 |
| 1995 | Rubin, C., Sun, Y-O, McLeod, K. | Modulation of mRNA Expression in Osteocytes as a Function of Age and Mechanical Loading | American Society of Bone and Mineral Research, Baltimore, MD, September, 1995 |
| 1995 | Rubin, C.T., Gross, T.S., McLeod, K.J., Bain, S.D. | Morphologic Stages in Lamellar Bone Formation Stimulated by a Potent Mechanical Stimulus | Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 488-495, 1995 |
| 1995 | Rubin, C., Li, C., Sun, Y., Fritton, C., McLeod, K. | Non-Invasive Stimulation of Trabecular Bone Formation Via Low Magnitude, High Frequency Strain | Presented at Orthopaedic Research Society, February, 1995, Orlando, FL |
| 1995 | Fritton, S.P., McLeod, K.J., Fritton, J.C., Brand, R.A., Rubin, C.T. | Persistent, Low Magnitude Strains as The Dominant Source of Mechanical Information in a Bone's 24 Hour Strain History | Presented at the Orthopaedic Research Society, 41st Annual Meeting, February, 1995, Orlando, FL |
| 1995 | Fritton, SP, Hart, RT | Simulation of In Vivo Trabecular Bone Adaptation | Presented at 41st Annual meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb. 13-16, 1995 Orlando, FL |
| 1995 | McLeod, K.J., C. Li, Ryaby, J.P., Rubin, C.T. | Stimulation of Trabecular Bone Formation by Low Magnitude Mechanical Stimulation | American Society of Bone and Mineral Research, Baltimore, MD, September, 1995 |
| 1995 | Adams, D.J., Pedersen, D.R., Brand, R.A., Rubin, C.T., Brown, T.D. | Three-Dimensional Geometric and Structural Symmetry of the Turkey Ulna | Journal of Orth. Res.13:690-699, 1995 |
| 1995 | Rubin, C., Mcleod, K., Pope, M., Magnusson, M., Rostedt, M., Fritton, C., Hansson, T. | Transmissibility of Ground Vibration to the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton: An Alternative Strategy for the Treatment of Osteoporosis | Submitted to the American Society of Biomechanics, 1995 |
| 1995 | Fritton, J.C., McLeod, K.J., Qin, Y., Rubin, C.T. | Transmission of Whole Body Vibration into the Appendicular and Axial Skeleton Part One: Development of a Portable Resonance Based Device | Submitted to Journal of Biomedical Engineering (not published) See 1997 listing for published version |
| 1995 | Gross, T.S., Rubin, CT. | Uniformity of Resorptive Bone Loss Induced by Disuse | Journal of Orth. Res. 13:708-714, 1995 |
| 1995 | Sun, YQ, McLeod, K, Rubin, CT | Upregulation of Collagen Type I mRNA in Osteocytes Following Mechanical Loading as Measured by In Situ RT-PCR | Presented at 41st Annual meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb. 13-16, 1995 Orlando, FL |
| 1994 | McLeod, K.J., Gross, T.S., Rubin, C.T. | Dependence of Bone Formation and Resorption Processes on the Frequency of Mechanical Loading | Submitted to Journal of Experimental Biology, 1994 |
| 1994 | Rubin, C.T. | Differentiation of the Bone Tissue Remodeling Response to Dilatational and Deviatoric Strain | Presented in part at the Orthopaedic Research Society, 40th Annual Meeting, 1994. Submitted for publication to the JBJS, February, 1995 |
| 1994 | Gross, T.S., McLeod, K.J., Rubin, CT. | Isolation and Validation of Surface Strain Gradients as a Determinant of Bone Adaptation | Presented in part at the Orthopaedic Research Society, 40th Annual Meeting, 1994. Submitted for publication to the Journal of Biomechanics, March, 1995 |
| 1994 | Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J. | Promotion of Bony Ingrowth by Frequency-Specific, Low-Amplitude Mechanical Strain | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, No. 298, 165-174, 1994 |
| 1994 | Rubin, C., McLeod, K. | The biophysical control of bone morphology | The Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption, Resorption and Replacement by Implante, Z. Davidovitch (Editor), Harvard Society for the Advancement of orthodontics, Boston, MA, 45-53 (1994) |
| 1994 | Rubin, C., McLeod, K., Pope, M., Magnusson, M., Rostedt, M., Fritton, C., Hansson, T. | Transmissibility of Ground Vibration to the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton: An Alternative Strategy for the Treatment of Osteoporosis | Presented at the American Society of Biomechanics, October, 1994 |
| 1992 | Gross TS, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT | Characterizing Bone Strain Distributions in vivo Using Three Triple Rosette Strain Gages | J Biomech. 1992 Sept;25(9):1081-1087 |
| 1992 | Rubin, C.T., Bain, S.D., McLeod, K.J. | Suppression of the Osteogenic Response in the Aging Skeleton | Calcif Tissue Int (1992) 50:306-313 |
| 1990 | Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J., Bain, S.D. | Functional Strains and Cortical Bone Adaptation: Epigenetic Assurance of Skeletal Integrity | J. Biomechanics, Vol. 23, Suppl. 1, pp. 43-54, 1990 |
| 1990 | Bain, S.D., Rubin, C.T. | Metabolic Modulation of Disuse Osteopenia: Endocrine Dependent Site Specificity of Bone Remodeling | Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 5, No. 10, 1990 |
| 1990 | Brown, T.D., Pedersen, D.R., Gray, M.L., Brand, R.A., Rubin, C.T. | Toward an Identification of Mechanical Parameters Initiating Periosteal Remodeling: A Combined Experimental and Analytic Approach | J. Biomechanics, Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 893-905, 1990 |
| 1989 | Jones BH, Harris JM, Vinh TN, Rubin CT | Exercise-Induced Stress Fractures and Stress Reactions of Bone: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Classification | Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1989;17:379-422. |
| 1988 | Pedersen, D.R., Brown, T.D., Gray, M.L., Rubin, C.T., Brand, R.A. | A Finite element Analysis of Strain Distributions in the Functionally Isolated Turkey Ulna | Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting, ORS, Feb., 1988 |
| 1988 | El Haj, A.J., Skerry, T.M., Caterson, B., Lanyon, L.E. | Protoglycans in Bone Tissue: Identification, and Possible Function in Strain-related Bone Remodeling | Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting, ORS, Feb., 1988 |
| 1988 | Skerry, T.M., Pead, M.J., Suswillo, R. Vedi, S., Lanyon, L.E. | Strain-Related Remodeling in Bone Tissue: Early Stages of the Cellular Response to Bone Loading In Vivo | Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting, ORS, Feb., 1988 |
| 1988 | Rubin CT, Hausman MR | The Cellular Basis of Wolff's Law. Transduction of Physical Stimuli to Skeletal Adptation | Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1988 Dec;14(3):503-17 |
| 1988 | Gray, M.L., Rubin, C.T. | The Mechanical Environment of the Appendicular Skeleton as Determined by Three Rosette Gauges: Potential for a more complete Strain calculation | Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting, ORS, Feb., 1988 |
| 1987 | Rubin CT, Lanyon LE | Kappa Delta Award Paper. Osteoregulatory Nature of Mechanical Stimuli: Function as a Determinant for Adaptive Remodeling in Bone | Journal of Orth.Res, 5:300-310(1987) |
| 1987 | Rubin, C.T., Lanyon, L.E. | Osteoregulatory Nature of Mechanical Stimuli: Function as a Determinant for Adaptive Remodeling in Bone | Journal of Orth.Res, 5:300-310(1987) |
| 1987 | Rubin, C.T., McLeod, K.J., Brand, R.A., Lanyon, L.E. | Reversal of Disuse Osteoporosis by Controlled Dynamic Loading | Presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting, ORS, Feb., 1987 |
| 1986 | Lanyon, L.E., Rubin, C.T., Baust, G. | Modulation of Bone Loss During Calcium Insufficiency by controlled Dynamic Loading | Calcif Tissue Int (1986) 38:209-216 |
| 1986 | Pope, M.H., Svensson, M., Broman, H., Andersson, G.B.J. | Mounting of the Transducers in Measurement of segmental Motion of the Spine | J. Biomechanics Vol. 19, No. 8. pp. 675-677, 1986 |
| 1985 | Rubin, C.T., Lanyon, L.E. | Regulation of Bone Mass by Mechanical Strain Magnitude | Calcif Tissue Int. (1985) 37:411-417 |
| 1984 | Rubin CT, Lanyon LE | Dynamic Strain Similarity in Vertebrates; An Alternative to Allometric Limb Bone Scaling | J Theor Biol. 1984 Mar 21;107(2):321-327 |
| 1984 | Rubin, C.T., Lanyon, L.E. | Regulation of Bone Formation by Applied Dynamic Loads | JBJS, Vol. 66-A, No. 3, 397-402, March, 1984 |
| 1984 | Rubin CT | Skeletal Strain and the Functional Significance of Bone Architecture | Calcif Tissue Int. 1984;36 Suppl 1:S11-8 |
| 1984 | Lanyon, L.E., Rubin, C.T. | Static Vs Dynamic Loads as an Influence on Bone Remodelling | J. Biomechanics, Vol. 17, No. 12, pp.897-905, 1984 |
| 1982 | Rubin CT, Lanyon LE | Limb Mechanics as a Function of Speed and Gait: a Study of Functional Strains in the Radius and Tibia of Horse and Dog | J Exp Biol. 1982 Dec;101:187-211 |
| 1981 | Lanyon LE, Paul IL, Rubin CT, Thrasher EL, DeLaura R, Rose RM, Radin EL | In Vivo Strain Measurements from Bone and Prostheses Following Total Hip Replacement. An Experimental Study in Sheep | Journal Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981 Jul;63(6):989-1001 |